A commander in the army of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise, Saint Nicolas was sent to guard the town of Larissa. Under threat of invasion by Arab military attachments who were ravaging the outskirts of the empire, he ordered the evacuation of the city and retreated into the mountains to a skete of ascetics with 14 faithful companions. After devoting themselves to prayer and fasting, they were warned by an angel to prepare to offer their lives to the Lord as His martyrs. They were eventually overrun, captured and tortured by their enemies, and all but Saint Nicolas were martyred. Having survived this initial ordeal, he found and dwelt in a cave wherein he lived the hesychast life to prepare to join his friends in martyrdom. As a result of his ascetic efforts he overcame the passions and the assaults of the demons who attempted to put him off his purpose. Having won the spiritual victory, he eventually carried off the crown martyrdom at the hands of the same barbarians had been searching for him since his escape.
Category: Types of Saints
Indicates the various types of saints in the Orthodox Church.
Great Martyr Christopher
As a part of his suffering and martyrdom at the hands of the Emperor Decius, Saint Christopher was placed into a bronze brazier over a fire. From within the furnace, the great martyr was granted a vision of one like a son of man, shining like the sun, accompanied by a great host with faces all aflame. He saw this irresistible force assailing and demolishing a massive horde of demons that could not stand before them. The saint interpreted this as a spiritual and cosmic fulfillment of the truth revealed to Gehazi by Elisha when they were surrounded by the Syrian army that “those who are with us are greater than those who are with them” (4 Kingdoms 6:16). Therefore, he knew, and through him we know, that despite our circumstances, the Lord is always ultimately victorious over the works of the evil one.
Hymnography
Come, let us honor the contests of godly Christopher; from his triumphant struggles never-failing grace floweth forth to us from Christ, the Bestower of Life. For he mightily quelled the foes; and as the prize, he was given authority over passions, demons, and all pain.
(First Troparia of the Martyr; Lord, I have cried)
Casting off the deep darkness of ignorance and receiving the knowledge of piety, thou troddest the serpent down, that first author of wickedness. Since, O Martyr, thy mind was aflame with desire for God, though didst quench the ungodly conceit of idolatry. Wherefore, as is fitting, in return for thy conflicts, thou now hast received a crown, and thou grantest unfailing cures, O much-suffering Christopher. Intercede with Christ our God that forgiveness of all their transgressions be granted to them that with longing keep thy holy memory.
(Doxasticon of the Martyr; Sessional hymns of Orthros)
Arsenius the Great
Born of a noble family and renowned for his learning, even after devoting himself to obtaining spiritual knowledge above all, Saint Arsenius found himself at the heart of society as the tutor for Emperor of the East, Theodosius the Great’s, children. Resisting the temptations afforded by such a privileged position, one night Arsenius heard a voice from heaving telling him to flee the company of men in order to be saved. He immediately left for the Egyptian desert where he joined the anchorite community at Scetis and began living in solitude some 30 miles from the church. After begging God for more guidance, he heard yet another voice telling him to flee conversation and remain in silence in order to be saved. From this he understood that, while possible for some, it was not possible for him to live with both God and men and keep his nous focused on the Lord. In his silence and solitude, he was assailed by the demons who incessantly brought to mind thoughts of his past life. The holy hermit, however, thwarted their attacks by always asking God for the grace to begin anew and by prolonged perseverance in the life to which God had called him.
Hymnography
O Righteous Father Arsenius, into all the earth hath the sound of thine achievements gone forth; wherefore thou hast found in the Heavens the reward of thy labors. Thou didst destroy the ranks of demons; thou didst attain to the orders of the Angels, whose life thou didst emulate without blame. Since thou hast boldness with Christ God, pray that peace be granted unto our souls.
(First Troparion of Saint Arsenius; The Entreaty at Great Vespers)
Receiving succor from God because of thy contrite heart, O Father Arsenius, thou didst dash down the attacks of hostile and unclean spirits and didst bear away the trophy through thy humility.
(Ode Three, Second Troparion of the Righteous One; Orthros Canon)
Knowing well the enemy’s cunning, O Father, in thy godliness thou didst reject him that mediated the first transgression of first-formed Adam. Therefore, while dancing for joy in the immaculate meadow of delight, make entreaty unto Christ the Master.
(Ode Five, First Troparion of the Righteous One; Orthros Canon)
John of Zedazneni
An accomplished ascetic, wonderworker, and hermit from the region of Antioch, Saint John was sent by the Theotokos to Georgia along with twelve disciples chosen with the help of angels to the further establish the Faith their and provide a foundation for the monastic life. Once in Georgia, the Lord revealed a cave on Mount Zaden where the saint was to do battle with the demons. Formerly a stronghold of idolatry, Saint John assaulted and broke the power of the enemy with superhuman feats of fasting and night prayer. The demons fled in terror, and the mountain became a beacon giving light to the whole country. Routed but not willing to utterly abandon their former stronghold, the demons mounted assault after assault on the man of God, hoping to regain a foothold, but the saint held off their every attack like a bulwark. As a result, the monastic life took root and began to bear fruit as Saint John sent out his disciples as missionaries whom he taught to preach like the apostles. They too were granted power to tread on serpents and scorpions and to expose and dismantle all the Devil’s devices. Even at the end of his life, Saint John was continually aware that, without God’s grace sustaining him, the Devil would attempt to sift him like wheat as a new Peter. Victorious to the end, a great number of saints and angels appeared to escort his soul to Paradise.
Seraphim of Dombos
Fleeing his reputation as a wonderworker and physician of souls that brought him endless streams of visitors, Saint Seraphim moved constantly establishing new communities of monastics wherever he went. After having resolved to stay in a specific place, the Mother of God appeared to him explaining that his current location was ill-suited to his purposes and instructing him to return to one of his previous stops to establish a permanent settlement. He obeyed immediately, a virtue he had consciously cultivated since he entered the monastery, and set to work. When the crowds returned, he was granted the particular gift of helping those possessed by demons, freeing them through prayer and fasting.
Theodosius, Abbot of the Lavra of the Kiev Caves
The founder of the coenobitic life in Russia, each Great Lent Saint Theodosius withdrew to the cave in which he began the ascetic life at the feet of Saint Antony (July 10th). There he prepared for the Feast of Feasts through fasting and prayer, by which he also overcame the repeated assaults of the demons. The holy abbot primarily taught the Faith through prayer, placing a special emphasis on caring for the poor. For his perseverance in prayer and charity, the Lord granted him the ability to cast out unclean spirits, heal the sick, and to know the hearts of those who came to him for help.
Peter the Wonderworker, Bishop of Argos
From a pious family zealous for the Faith, Saint Peter was brought up in the monastic life by his brother, Paul, who instilled in him a love for hesychia. Abandoning himself completely to the ascetic life, he quickly surpassed his brother and was eventually granted the grace of working miracles. Although he tried to avoid it out of humility, he was eventually made Bishop of Argos after the people of city prevailed upon him with tears. The holy bishop immediately became a source of consolation, and no one who came to him left without receiving his help — both physically and spiritually. His charity was so immense before the God, that, by his prayers, the Lord delivered from bondage those who had been possessed by demons. Saint Peter remains the patron and protector of the city of Argos to this day.
Xenia the Wonderworker
A beautiful woman made all the more radiant by her acquisition of the Christian virtues, the regional prefect, Dometian, hired a magician to cast a love spell on Saint Xenia who he wanted for his wife. The saint easily defeated the dark arts by the power of the cross, and declared the Lord to be her heavenly spouse. Enraged by her faithfulness to Christ, the prefect subjected her to various forms of torture which proved just as powerless as the spell enwrapped as she was in prayer. When he, nonetheless, convinced himself that she was ready to renounce her faith for him, he took her to a pagan temple to offer sacrifice, but the saint immediately cast down the idols by her prayer. Incensed by her continued rejection, Dometian eventually had her beheaded and her heart delivered to him on a platter as if he were a new Herod.
Martyr Maura
After her husband had been put to the torture and imprisoned by Diocletian’s Prefect of Thebes, Arian, the tyrant hoped that he could get Saint Maura to convince her husband to renounce the faith order to save his life. Much to the contrary, after speaking with her husband, she too boldly confessed Christ and proclaimed that she was ready to die for Christ. After being subjected to multiple tortures to which she responded with disdain and ridicule at their impotence, Maura and her husband, Timothy, were crucified side-by-side having been tied to their crosses. Her patient and uncomplaining endurance proved to be a scourge to the demons, and, in order to end his humiliation, the Devil appeared to her as a man offering the saint milk and honey to pull down her vision from the creator to the created as he did with our first Mother. Maura, however, easily defeated this temptation through prayer. The Devil then redoubled his efforts at temptation by transporting her to an illusory land flowing with milk and honey. Filled with righteous anger at this further deception, the holy martyr rebuked the enemy of mankind saying the she preferred rather the draught of eternal life. Having been routed, the demon fled from the saint and, like when Christ was tempted in the wilderness, and angel came to minister to her. The next day, the 10th day of their crucifixion, Saints Maura and Timothy both carried off the martyrs crown.
Hymnography
August Martyr Maura blest of God, with thy brightly flashing visage and the light of thy grace, thou didst benight and dim the eyes of the evil tyrant; when thy foes tore out thy hair, though didst openly speak unto God; and with the water heated up in the seething cauldron, thou didst burn the unjust head of deceitful Belial.
(Second Troparion of the Saints, Lord, I have cried)
Clad with the breastplate of the Divine Spirit, O venerable Maura, thou joyfully wentest forth to wrestle with the adversary, and didst defeat him and didst receive the crowns of victory, O Martyr.
(Ode Five, Second Troparion, Orthros Canon)
In keeping the law of the Ruler of all, ye did not bow down to the rule of the transgressors; ye did not offer worship to the wicked demons, O noble Martyrs, heirs of the Lord.
(Ode Eight, First Troparion, Orthros Canon)
Donatus, Bishop of Euroea
Motivated by love for his flock, the holy bishop of Euroea killed a dragon by striking it with a riding whip, thereby delivering villagers from the beast. At the same time, he sweetened the waters of a spring that had been poisoned by the dragon by his God-pleasing prayers. Having received word of these miracles, the Emperor Theodosius the Great and his wife entreated the saint to pray for their daughter who was being tormented by a demon. Saint Donatus rebuked the demon, and it immediately fled leaving the girl in peace. When offered a reward out of gratitude, the saint refused it asking instead for the sovereign to build a new church in his diocese. For these and other such things, Saint Donatus was venerated as the protector of Epirus.